A jaw crusher is an extensively used crushing instrument to break large and abrasive blocks into small pieces with primary and secondary crushing processes in laboratories or industrial plants. This machine is mainly composed of two parts where one jaw is fixed and another is moving in nature. The experimental samples or rocks are placed between jaws and the jaw crusher does the reciprocating movement to make finer powder or particles of the sample.
Types of jaw crushers:
According to the working process, jaw crushers are mainly of two types: single-toggle jaw crushers and double-toggle jaw crushers.
Single-toggle jaw crusher: In this type of jaw crusher, the moving jaw is forced by an eccentric shaft attached to a pitman. At the bottom portion of the moving jaw, there is the toggle plate to drive the pitman. The pitman works in the sandwiched condition between the main body and the movable jaw. With such a mechanism the movable jaw provides a great pressure and frictional force to the experimental samples and produces finer particles.
Double-toggle jaw crusher: Here these kinds of jaw crushers are composed of two toggle plates. In this crusher, the non-eccentric shaft is placed at the top of the instrument. Two toggle plates are connected with the pitman from the left and right sites. The left-side toggle plate is attached to the jaw-supporting system whereas the right-side toggle plate is connected with the main body. These types of jaw crushers provide only the pressure to the experimental sample without any frictional forces.
Of these two types of jaw crushers, only single-toggle jaw crushers are mostly used because double-toggle jaw crushers are very expensive. Later one is utilized mainly in the abrasive sector to yield finer particles from hard or very hard rock or metal elements. Moreover, double-toggle jaw crushers are more durable because there are no frictional aspects.
Parts of the jaw crusher:
A jaw crusher is made of some basic parts which are a fixed jaw, moving jaw, main shaft portion or the pitman assembly, drive pulley or the assembly, toggle plates along with tension rods, jaw liners, etc.
Types of jaw crushers according to the pivoting swing jaws:
Universal jaw crusher: Here the swing jaw is placed in the middle or intermediate position.
Blake jaw crusher: Here swing jaw is situated at the lower position.
Dodge jaw crusher: Here the swing jaw is placed at the top position.
Working process of the jaw crusher:
A jaw crusher provides a comprehensive force to the experimental sample to break the hard sample or rocks into pieces. There is one fixed or stationary type of jaw whereas another one is a moving jaw or swing jaw.
The experimental sample is placed into the top platform or gape and pressed towards the bottom portion. There is a crushing chamber between two jaws where the sample is crushed into pieces. From one side two jaws put pressure where the passing zone is very narrow. With a great pressure when the sample is passing through then the sample becomes small particles. With a jaw crusher, the experimental sample produces 6 to 8 pieces.
Application of jaw crusher:
Mining industry: Here jaw crushers are utilized to produce finer particles of bricks, ores, mines, etc.
Demolition & construction industry: In these industries, jaw crushers are utilized to produce small particles or manageable sizes.
Laboratory & research work: Here pilot plants and other samples are provided to make small pieces or fractions. A jaw crusher is also utilized for quality control purposes.
Ceramic or glass industry: In this industry, ceramic or glasses are crushed into small samples.
Environmental analyses & material sciences: Jaw crushers are used highly in environmental analyses and material sciences to make finer or more manageable parts of the sample.
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